On June 11, 1289, he fought in the ranks at the battle of Campaldino on the side of the Guelphs, helping to bring forth a reformation of the Florentine constitution. Like most Florentines during his lifetime, Dante was affected by the Guelph-Ghibelline conflict, a political division of loyalty between the Holy Roman Emperor and the papacy. He also became a pharmacist, and, in his twenties and thirties, took an active part in local public affairs. Dante later turned his attention to philosophy, which the character of Beatrice criticizes in Purgatorio.
Along with Brunetto Latini, these poets became the leaders of Dolce Stil Novo (“The Sweet New Style”), in which personal and political passions were the purpose of poetry. By the age of eighteen, Dante had met the poets Guido Cavalcanti, Lapo Gianni, Cino da Pistoia, and others. He read Boethius’s De consolatione philosophiae and Cicero’s De amicitia. He encountered both the Occitan poetry of the troubadours and the Latin poetry of classical antiquity, including Homer and Virgil. In his youth, Dante studied many subjects, including Tuscan poetry, painting, and music. The love poems to Beatrice are collected in Dante’s La Vita Nuova, or The New Life. His mother died when he was seven years old, and his father remarried, having two more children.Īt twelve years old, Dante was betrothed to Gemma di Manetto Donati, though he had already fallen in love with another girl, Beatrice Portinari, whom he continued to write about throughout his life, though his interaction with her was limited.
The author of La Commedia ( The Divine Comedy), considered a masterwork of world literature, Dante Alighieri was born Durante Alighieri in Florence, Italy in 1265 to a notable family of modest means.
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